Martin Gilbert, writing in his book, In Ishmael's House, describes significant cruelty against the Jews in Muslim lands. Many Ottoman leaders took advantage of the jizya by making it exorbitant. When certain Jews became wealthy, jealousy would arise and houses and belongings would be taken such they were forced to move to another village or city. They couldn't build their homes higher than Muslim homes, they had to wear specific clothing that identified them as Jewish. They were bullied, beaten and killed. The Jews were not protected by all Muslim rulers, but only by a few. Did Jews really "thrive" in the Muslim world? Not if you understand they were considered second class citizens. To put the present Israeli-Palestinian war in context - the only way the Jews could live in a predominantly Muslim land is to dominate or they would have experienced persecution as what occurred in the past. However, the present genocide against the Palestinians is going to be the Zionist’s downfall. They won't gain the Palestinian land but will most likely lose all that they have taken.